Several days later, informants revealed Grant's location, and on the morning of March 2, 150 Mexican troops ambushed Grant's men at the Battle of Agua Dulce. Santa Annas ruthless treatment of the captured soldiers had the opposite effect than what he intended. . Goliad massacre Connected to: {{::readMoreArticle.title}} From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia {{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}} This page is based on a Wikipedia article written by contributors (read/edit). He described the slaughter: "Kneel down!" It had a population of 1975 at the 2000 census. Incidentally, Jack County, Texas, was named in honor of William Houston Jack and his brother Patrick. Thirty nine were killed inside the fort, under the direction of Captain Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas battalion, with Colonel Garay saving one. At selected spots on each of the three roads, from half to three-fourths of a mile from the presidio, the three groups were halted. This has since been preserved and designated as the Fannin Memorial Monument. His personal possessions were taken by Mexican soldiers, he was shot in the face, and Fannin's body was burned along with the many other Texians who died that day.[19]. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! It features an art deco relief sculpture and the names of the men who were killed.[32]. [citation needed], Amon B. Later in 1883 while living in El Paso County, he applied for and received an additional donation as a surviving veteran of the Texas Revolution. [14] The 75 soldiers of William Parsons Miller and the Nashville Battalion were captured on March 20 and marched to Goliad on March 23. Worauf Sie als Kunde bei der Auswahl der Nici qid achten sollten. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) DeWitt Clinton Baker, comp., A Texas Scrap-Book (New York: Barnes, 1875; rpt. [3] John C. Duval, Early Times in Texas, or, the Adventures of Jack Dobell, ed. Because of the intervention of Francita Alavez (known as the "Angel of Goliad"), 20 more men, including Shackelford,[20] were spared to act as doctors, interpreters, or workers. The battle and execution, popularly (and controversially) referred to as the "Goliad Massacre," have been recreated each March by costumed members of the Crossroads of Texas Living History. This order was received on March 26 by Col. Jos Nicols de la Portilla, whom Urrea had left at Goliad. Colonel Jos Nicols de la Portilla under orders of the President of Mexico, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. They were later marched to Matamoros. captured in other encounters) were shot on March 27, Palm Sunday. In April 1885 a memorial was finally erected, in the city of Goliad rather than on the site, by the Fannin Monument Association, formed by William L. Hunter, a massacre survivor. Unhurt myself, I sprang up and, concealed by the thick smoke, fled along the hedge in the direction of the river, the noise of the water for my guide. On March 19, General Urrea had quickly advanced and surrounded 300 men in the Texian Army on the open prairie, near La Bahia (Goliad). Hermann Ehrenberg, Texas und Seine Revolution (Leipzig: Wigand, 1843; abridged trans. Mexican forces under General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna continued to sweep across Texas toward Fort Defiance, the presidio in Goliad that had been seized by the rebels in October 1835 at the onset of the war for independence. The prisoners held little suspicion of their fate, for they had been told a variety of stories-they were to gather wood, drive cattle, be marched to Matamoros, or proceed to the port of Copano for passage to New Orleans. Believing they were on missions to gather wood, drive cattle or even sail to safety in New Orleans, the rebels joked and swapped stories. [They were] to be liberated on parole, and that arrangements had been made to send [them] to New Orleans on board of vessels then at Copano.[6] Duval joined the division that was marched northwest along the road leading to San Antonio. Upon hearing heavy firing of musketry in the directions taken by the other two divisions, [one of the men] exclaimed Boys! Houston ordered Colonel James W. Fannin to evacuate his 400-man force from Goliad and retreat to Victoria, a town 30 miles to the east behind the natural defense of the Guadalupe River. The Most Patriotic Thing You Can Do This (Or Any) 4th of July. Only twenty-eight escaped the firing squads, and twenty more were spared as physicians, orderlies, interpreters, or mechanics largely because of the entreaties of a "high bred beauty" whom the Texans called the "Angel of Goliad" (see ALAVEZ, FRANCITA), and the brave and kindly intervention of Col. Francisco Garay. "[20] Other people known to have rescued some prisoners were: Juan Holzinger (saved two German Texians captured among Capt. Available for both RF and RM licensing. Thirty-nine were killed inside the fort under the direction of Captain Carolino Huerta of the Tres Villas battalion, with Colonel Garay saving one, . John C. Duval and the remainder of Fannins men were brought back to Goliad where they were confined in Presidio la Baha for the following week. 1887; facsimile rpt., Austin: Steck, 1935). [14] The Texians had traveled only six miles (10km) from their fort when, on March 19, the Mexican army engaged the Texians on an open prairie. Those who survived the initial volley were run down by the Mexican cavalry. Though some managed to escape en route, most remained there until the Mexican government later released them. At the Goliad Massacre, Santa Anna ordered the execution of Col. James Fannin and almost 350 of . No one stirred. Although overshadowed by the fall of the Alamo, the Goliad Massacre claimed the lives of twice as many Texas rebels. When dawn broke, however, so did the realization that the arrival of Mexican reinforcements during the night had made their situation hopeless. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. [1] Also spared were the 75 soldiers of the Miller and Nashville Battalion, who were given white arm bands. [7][8] In 1936, in celebration of the Texas Centennial, money was appropriated to build a massive pink granite monument, dedicated on June 4, 1938. Harbert Davenport and Craig H. Roell, The soldiers took his belongings, shot him in the face, and burned Fannin's body along with the other Texians who died that day. Urrea wrote to Santa Anna to ask for clemency for the Texians. After wandering on the coastal prairie for several days, the Georgia Battalion reached Victoria, only to find it in the possession of the Mexican army. In April 1885 a memorial was finally erected, in the city of Goliad rather than on the site, by the Fannin Monument Association, formed by William L. Hunter, a massacre survivor. But Portilla's volleys at Goliad, together with the fall of the Alamo, branded both Santa Anna and the Mexican people with a reputation for cruelty and aroused the fury of the people of Texas, the United States, and even Great Britain and France, thus considerably promoting the success of the Texas Revolution. Brad Johnson March 27, 2020 Urrea wrote in his diary that he "wished to elude these orders as far as possible without compromising my personal responsibility." Joseph E. Field, Three Years in Texas (Greenfield and Boston, Massachusetts, 1836; rpt., Austin: Steck, 1935). Published by the Texas State Historical Association. [citation needed], The Goliad massacre contributed to the frenzy of the Runaway Scrape. They are going to shoot us! and at the same instant [John] heard the clicking of musket locks all along the Mexican line.[7], Dodging the first round of fire and avoiding a close encounter with the end of a bayonet, John C. Duval was subsequently able to reach the San Antonio River without being struck by the barrage of bullets that followed. As Palm Sunday dawned on March 27, the prisoners were divided into quarters. Many Cultures, One Texas Native Americans, Spanish explorers and missionaries, Texian soldiers and early settlers walked the land of what is now Goliad State Park and Historic Site in southeast Texas. [5] Urrea had sent 18 of the 24 prisoners to Matamoros, where they were sentenced to death, but later released. ", A more difficult situation confronted him on March 20 after James W. Fannin's surrender (see COLETO, BATTLE OF). When one of their carts fell into the San Antonio River, the colonel told his men to halt and retrieve it. Abel Morgan, An Account of the Battle of Goliad and Fanning's Massacre (Paducah, Kentucky?, 1847?). While the sick and wounded remained in the chapel, the other three groups were escorted on different roads out of town. [26] Also spared were the 75 soldiers of Miller and the Nashville Battalion. Texas: Graphic Ideas. Grey goos vodka - Der Gewinner . John C. Duval was one such man who made it to safety and was able to share his harrowing story of imprisonment and escape with future generations of Texans. Please improve this article by adding a reference. He assured Fannin that there was no known instance where a prisoner of war who had trusted to the clemency of the Mexican government had lost his life, that he would recommend to General Santa Anna acceptance of the terms proposed by Fannin's men, and that he was confident of obtaining Santa Anna's approval within a period of eight days. "Remember the Alamo; remember Goliad!" That was the cry of those fighting for Texas' independence after General Santa Anna ordered the execution of more than 400 men who had surrendered at Goliad. Another written account can be found in Early Times in Texas (serial form, 186871; book, 1892) by John Crittenden Duval. His three dying wishes were to be shot in the chest, given a Christian burial and have his watch sent to his family. The men were marched instead to Matamoros after the battle of San Jacinto. The remains were interred at a location southeast of the Presidio la Bahia. Two hours later Portilla received another order, this one from Urrea, "to treat the prisoners with consideration, and especially their leader, Fannin," and to employ them in rebuilding the town. Ruby C. Smith, "James W. Fannin, Jr., in the Texas Revolution," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 23 (October 1919, January, April 1920). Faced with annihilation, the Texans raised a white flag and were marched back to Goliad and incarcerated in the presidio chapel at Fort Defiance along with other rebels captured in the nearby area. The Presidio has been restored and is more complete than the Alamo. Angeli Wright awright@vicad.com A Bible opened up to Psalm 22 is nailed to the tree. [17] Under a decree that Santa Anna had pressed and which was passed by the Mexican Congress on December 30, 1835, armed foreigners taken in combat were to be treated as pirates and executed. 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