Hannibal whose full name is Chenu Bechola Barca was an intelligent warrior of Carthaginian . As the strain on the Punic population increased, Carthaginian authorities then sent them off to Sicca, planning to plead with the whole army to forgo their unpaid wages by pointing out the dire financial situation of Carthage. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". Hamilcar Barca is listed in the tavern under Others and costs 17,000,000 gold. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. We care about our planet! Although the Carthaginians were a mixed population, the Carthaginian military was dominated by Numidians, which was a mixture of a black Africans, Nubians, and Berber extract that lived among the Carthaginians and who were prevalent in Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and elsewhere throughout North Africa. Hamilcar then resigned his command but he would be needed again within months. Related Content Hasdrubal the Fair commanded the fleet[84] carrying supplies and elephants along the coast, keeping pace with the army. While he may appear to be an old man, he is one of the most powerful of the Twelve Zoalords, the co-founder of Cronos and its leading scientist. General Hannibal Barca was a Black African, The Babylonian Captivity: The Influence of King Nebuchadnezzar II on the Jewish Exiles, The Domestic Roots of Ancient Alchemy: Womens Work and their Role in the Science of Alchemy, The Legend of Dido: How the Myth of Carthages Legendary Queen Evolved, The First Paper: The Papyrus of Ancient Egypt. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Hanno, accustomed to fighting Libyans and Numidians, did not anticipate any further trouble and left his army for Utica. [59], It is not exactly known how Hamilcar managed to outwit the rebels. #1. Carthage was on the rise again and eager to create a wider Mediterranean empire. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. He was also fatherinlaw to Hasdrubal the Fair. His grandson, Hanno, was an important commander in the army of his son Hannibal. Because Carthaginians kept no written chronicles of Hannibals life, historical knowledge of Hannibal was based upon Carthaginian oral traditions and entirely on Roman written records. Whatever was the motivation behind this act, it was resented by the mercenaries left behind in Sicily. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum. [112] It is possible that Hamilcar died battling the Vettoni, who lived across the Tagus west of Toledo and to the north of Turduli and northwest of Oretani territory. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). [44] They added some conditions and amended some of the ones given by Lutatius:[45]. Hamilcar besieged Indortes, tortured and crucified him after his surrender but allowed 10,000 of the captured enemy soldiers to go home.[105]. Over the years I've covered thousands of miles and worn holes in even the best walking boots, putting one foot in front of the other to write walking features for this paper. 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. When he was replaced by Hannibal in 221 BCE, the Carthaginians broke the territorial agreement with Rome of 226 BCE not to cross the River Ebro and attacked Rome's ally Saguntum (Sagunto). [33] Hamilcar managed to inflict severe casualties on the Romans soon after, and when the Roman consul requested a truce to bury his dead, Hamilcar replied that his quarrel was with the living only and the dead had already settled their dues, and granted the truce.[34]. License. If he had lived in the United . Iberia would also serve as a base for any future conflicts against the Romans which would be independent of political interference from Carthage, and the campaigns would enhance the reputation of Hamilcar Barca. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. Hamilcar spent nine years in Spain. His son was Hannibal, famous for his exploits during the Second Punic War. Hamilcar next moved to confront the army of Matho at Tunis. Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. i. hamilcar the carthaginian, the son of hannibal, and surnamed barcas, began in the first punic war, but towards the end of it, to hold the command of the army in sicily; and though, before his coming, the efforts of the carthaginians were unsuccessful both by sea and land, he, after he arrived, never gave way to the enemy,226 or afforded them Hamilcar died in battle, most likely drowning in the Jucar River while besieging a place called Helice and trying to escape from a Celtiberian army. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 - 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. More About Hamilcar: Astrological Sign: Aries: Date of birth: April 6, 1964: Religion . J.-C.). In various forms, the name . Carthaginian warships were forbidden to sail along Italian shores or those of their allies. Buy History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top: Shop top fashion brands Tanks & Camis at Amazon.com FREE DELIVERY and Returns possible on eligible purchases Amazon.com: History Of Ancient Carthage - Hamilcar Barca - Punic War Tank Top : Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). Hamilcar Barca ( c. 270 -228 BC) served as a Carthaginian general during and after the First Punic War. The Roman Republic was nearly bankrupt and had to borrow money from wealthy citizens to fund the construction of a fleet of 200 quinqueremes, which blockaded Carthaginian positions in Sicily in 242 BC by seizing the harbour of Drepana and anchorages at Lilybaeum, while Roman soldiers built siege works around Drepanum. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. Hamilcar aimed to attack the small rebel band holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel force besieging Utica to confront Hamilcar. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. Discover Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General by Charles River Editors and millions of other books available at Barnes & Noble. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, Hamilcar's other two sons were Hasdrubal Barca and Hasdrubal Gisco, both of whom commanded during the Second Punic War. The Book of Inventions; Thomas J. Craughwell; 2008. America's Black dilemma [Barca, Hamilcar] on Amazon.com. By 490 BC, Massalia had managed to defeat Carthage twice, and a boundary along Cape Nao in Iberia was agreed upon,[102] while Carthage had closed the Straits of Gibraltar to foreign shipping. "Death Date: 229. Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. He defeated Rome 's allies at the Battle of Thermae in 259 BC and killed 4,000-6,000 of them with the help of surprise and good use of military intelligence. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264241 bce). [39], This treaty replaced all previous treaties between the two powers. Corn Fleuron T083009-22.png 1,086 649; 65 KB. The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. 116117, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p135-36, Lazenby, J.F, The First Punic War, p. 175. World History Encyclopedia. In 202 BCE, Hannibal was called back to Africa to defend Carthage against invading Roman military forces, and there he was finally defeated by Scipio Africanus at the battle of Zama. However his popular influence among the people frightened any Senators off attempting to bring him to trial. He distinguished himself during the First Punic War in 247, when he took over the chief command in Sicily, which at . vii. They chose Hamilcar. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. 50 Carthaginian ships were sunk, 70 captured and 10,000 prisoners taken. Nothing had come of these supposed episodes and some scholars doubt their authenticity. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. [59] The modern historian Dexter Hoyos stresses that "[s]uch manoeuvres were about the simplest that any army could learn, once it mastered the absolute basics of marching in formation". was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Mago and Hasdrubal were his younger brothers. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247BC to 241BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano),[30] from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). [75] The Mercantile Class, whose interests were hurt by the war, and would be marginalized by the abandonment of overseas operations, also supported this faction. Updates? Poirson5.gif 449 637; 129 KB. Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. There was no other city like it. [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. Sicily. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. Roman deserters may have been surrendered on a later date. He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. In expanding his power to the European continent, Hamilcar reinvigorated the Carthaginian empire, regained needed resources, and prepared a base for renewing war against Rome, which his son Hannibal would famously do in the Second Punic War. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. 'Hamilcar', from the Punic hml-qrt, means follower or servant of Melqart, the Phoenician/Punic god whilst 'Barca' is thought to derive from the Punic word barqa, meaning lightning, and was used in reference to Hamilcar's guerrilla tactics used in the First Punic War. Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. [16] As a result, Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn; Carthage put most of its ships into reserve to save money and free up manpower,[12][13] so by 242 BC, Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.[17]. Shouting encouragement to each other they broke into a run to pursue. A growing number of professional military historians believe that Hannibal Barca was a dark skin ethnically mixed Numidian warrior. Then the enterprising Hamilcar Barca came to the fore. The Barca family originated from the celebrated Numidian warriors. i. p. 391; Auson. In 239 BCE a mercenary force took control of Sardinia and then defeated a Carthaginian army sent to re-take the island. Father of Hannibal. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. The war started to improve for Carthage when they were aided by Rome, who repatriated captured Carthaginian soldiers for free, and the tyrant of Syracuse Hiero, who feared that without Carthage then Rome might act at will in the central Mediterranean. But the rebels would sally out from their camp at Tunis and approach the city walls to cause terror inside the city. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. The Encyclopedia of Military Biography; Trevor N. Dupuy and others; 1995. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca. (Barca meaning Thunderbolt) Who was Hannibal's father? [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. Hamilcar Barca, Barca also spelled Barcas, (died winter 229/228 bce ), general who assumed command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily during the last years of the First Punic War with Rome (264-241 bce ). Hamilcar Barca (c. 275-228 BC), the great Carthaginian general and father of the famous Hannibal and his brothers Hasdrubal and Mago, was from North Africa, perhaps born in Cyrene in Libya, according to some scholars. Hannibal's father, Hamilcar Barca, general of the Carthaginian mercenaries, was infuriated about the western Mediterranean losses of Sicily and Sardinia. When the rebel leaders agreed to the terms, Hamilcar detained the rebel delegation. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. [71] Carthage now began to fit out an expedition to recover Sardinia, with Hamilcar commanding Punic forces. Hamilcar Barca. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. Hannibal Barca was a renowned general and statesman. All the black African looking coins have been carbon dated around the time that Hannibal was alive, but the Semitic looking coins are dated roughly a century or more after Hannibals death. [111] The Romans withdrew and did not bother the Carthaginians in Spain until 226 BC. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Hamilcar felt that Carthage had given up on Sicily too soon in the First Punic War. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. [121] Hamilcar is thought to be the best commander of the First Punic War and as a man, Cato placed Hamilcar a cut above most leaders, including most Romans. Hamilcar Barca was blamed by the Carthaginian Leaders for causing the Mercenary War by making unrealistic promises to his soldiers, especially the Celts, during his command in Sicily. The Carthaginians needed to gain the far side of the Bagradas, so they could manoeuvre freely, but lacked the strength to force a crossing against the superior rebel force guarding against this. Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Without a significant fleet and having lost their strategically important fortresses in Sicily, Corsica and Sardinia, the Carthaginians, though, had to look elsewhere for a source of money to fund their armies. HAMILCAR BARCA, or Barcas (Heb. [51] The rebels divided their forces: detachments were sent to besiege Utica and Hippo, while others cut Carthage off from the mainland, probably in the winter of 241 BC or spring of 240 BC. [9] The situation changed when the surprise attack on the Carthaginian fleet met defeat at the Battle of Drepana[10] and the following Carthaginian victory at the Battle of Phintias; the Romans were all but swept from the sea. 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