[244], Tennessee is divided into 95 counties, each of which has a county seat. To pay off debts and alleviate overcrowded prisons, the state turned to convict leasing, providing prisoners to mining companies as strikebreakers, which was protested by miners forced to compete with the system. Local law enforcement is divided between county sheriff's offices and municipal police departments. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. [250] Memphis, with more than 630,000 inhabitants, was the state's largest city until 2016, when Nashville surpassed it. [429] For most of the second half of the 20th century, Tennessee was a swing state in presidential elections. [380], Interstate 40 (I-40) is the longest Interstate Highway in Tennessee, traversing the state for 455 miles (732km). [85] In 1838 and 1839, U.S. troops forcibly removed thousands of Cherokees and their black slaves from their homes in southeastern Tennessee and forced them to march to Indian Territory in modern-day Oklahoma. [94] Tennessee provided more Union troops than any other Confederate state, and the second-highest number of Confederate troops, behind Virginia. [61] This settlement later grew into the city of Nashville. [53], In 1775, Richard Henderson negotiated a series of treaties with the Cherokee to sell the lands of the Watauga settlements at Sycamore Shoals on the banks of the Watauga River. Local courts include general sessions, juvenile and domestic, and municipal courts. In every county except Davidson, the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer. [165] Also known as the Knoxville International Energy Exposition, the fair's theme was "Energy Turns the World". [34][35][36] In 1673, English fur trader Abraham Wood sent an expedition from the Colony of Virginia into Overhill Cherokee territory in modern-day northeastern Tennessee. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", and in 1796, a constitutional convention, organizing the new state out of the Southwest Territory, adopted "Tennessee" as the state's name. [418] In a 2020 study, Tennessee ranked 21st on the "Cost of Voting Index", a measure of "the ease of voting across the United States". [346] Parts of West Tennessee, especially Memphis, are sometimes considered part of the Deep South. In 1567, Spanish explorer Captain Juan Pardo and his party encountered a Native American village named "Tanasqui" in the area while traveling inland from modern-day South Carolina; however, it is unknown if this was the same settlement as Tanasi. [261] The state has been a top destination for people relocating from Northeastern and Midwestern states. Tennessee's third-largest city perfectly blends outdoor recreation with urban amenities. Get It Now Start Planning Tap Add to Trip on anything you like. [382][200] I-40's branch interstates include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-840 around Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Maryville; and I-640 in Knoxville. km, the State of Tennessee is located in the South-Eastern region of the United States. [369] Nashville is often called the "Athens of the South" due to its many colleges and universities. [104] Memphis fell to the Union in June after a naval battle on the Mississippi River. The Highway Patrol is the primary entity that enforces highway safety regulations and general non-wildlife state laws. Each county elects a sheriff, property assessor, trustee, register of deeds, and county clerk. Because Memphis International Airport is the hub of FedEx Corporation, it is the world's busiest cargo airport. Get It Now Start Planning Tap Add to Trip on anything you like. [89] Entrepreneurs such as Montgomery Bell used slaves in the production of iron in the Western Highland Rim, and slaves also cultivated such crops as tobacco and corn throughout the Highland Rim. Tennessee Gov. WebGet Your Free 2022 Tennessee Vacation Guide Get the latest on all of the music experiences and attractions across the state. The assessment ratio is 40% of the value times the jurisdiction's tax rate. ", "Department of Energy FY 2020 Congressional Budget Request", "Booming tech industry in Middle Tennessee", "Map of Deregulated Energy Markets (Updated 2018) Electric Choice", "Tennessee - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", Electric Power Monthly with Data for December 2021, "It's the first new U.S. nuclear reactor in decades. The next year, the capital was moved to Murfreesboro, where it remained until 1826. [394] The governor is the only official elected statewide. [410], Tennessee sends nine representatives to the United States House of Representatives. Archaeological excavations indicate that the lower Tennessee Valley was heavily populated by Ice Age hunter-gatherers, and Middle Tennessee is believed to have been rich with game animals such as mastodons. The TBI is the primary state-level criminal investigative department. [219], About half the state's land area is in the Tennessee Valley drainage basin of the Tennessee River. [323][324] The Copper Basin, in Tennessee's southeastern corner in Polk County, was one of the nation's most productive copper mining districts between the 1840s and 1980s, and supplied about 90% of the copper the Confederacy used during the Civil War. [239], While Tennessee is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, its location makes it susceptible to the remnants of tropical cyclones, which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall. [402] Under the Tennessee Plan, the governor appoints justices on all three courts to eight-year terms; they must be retained by the voters during the first general election after appointment and at the end of their term. [459] In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college teams play in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The University of Tennessee is comprised of the statewide Institute of Agriculture and Institute for Public Service Institute of Agriculture The UT Institute of Agriculture delivers real life solutions through $54.5 million in research, educational outreach to 3.3 million people and veterinary services to more than 21,000 animals annually. Of the Protestants in the state, Evangelical Protestants compose 52% of the population, Mainline Protestants 13%, and Historically Black Protestants 8%. In the southeast U.S. region that includes Tennessee, the Kraken strain is the second-most prevalent strain, making up about 31% of all cases, CDC data show. About 81% of the population identifies as Christian, with Protestants making up 73% of the population. [333][334][335] Its top tourist attraction is the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the most visited national park in the U.S., with more than 14 million visitors annually. [359], The state enrolls approximately 1 million K12 students in 137 districts. [400] The Supreme Court of Tennessee appoints the state's Attorney General, a practice only found in Tennessee. [4] Tennessee is a right-to-work state, like most of its Southern neighbors. Most of West Tennessee is in the Lower Mississippi River watershed. The state's industrial and manufacturing sector continued to expand in the succeeding decades, and Tennessee is now home to more than 2,400 advanced manufacturing establishments, which produce a total of more than $29 billion worth of goods annually. It owns 79 acres (32ha) in Henning, which the tribe placed into federal trust in 2012. [48][49] Most of them were English, but nearly 20% were Scotch-Irish. [381] Known as "Tennessee's Main Street", I-40 serves the major cities of Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville, and throughout its entire length in Tennessee, one can observe the diversity of the state's geography and landforms. [50] They formed the Watauga Association in 1772, a semi-autonomous representative government,[51] and three years later reorganized themselves into the Washington District to support the cause of the American Revolutionary War. This is governed directly by the tribe. [283] The Hall income tax was imposed on most dividends and interest at a rate of 6% but was completely phased out by 2021. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. This town appeared on British maps as early as 1725. [440] Voters, however, continued to elect moderate Republicans, such as centrists Bill Haslam and Lamar Alexander, until the late 2010s with the rise of Trumpism in the GOP at a nationwide scale. [256] In recent years, Tennessee has been a top source of domestic migration, receiving an influx of people relocating from places such as California, the Northeast, and the Midwest due to the low cost of living and booming employment opportunities. [208] This results in karst that forms numerous caves, sinkholes, depressions, and underground streams. [77][78], Tennessee reportedly earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" during the War of 1812, when 3,500 Tennesseans answered a recruitment call by the General Assembly for the war effort. WebTennessee Gov. [197], Stretching west from the Blue Ridge Mountains for about 55 miles (89km) are the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, also known as the Tennessee Valley[c] or Great Valley of East Tennessee. The state of Tennessee is a place in the southeastern United States. [195], The southwestern Blue Ridge Mountains lie within Tennessee's eastern edge, and are divided into several subranges, namely the Great Smoky Mountains, Bald Mountains, Unicoi Mountains, Unaka Mountains, and Iron Mountains. [88] East Tennessee's geography did not allow for large plantations as in the middle and western parts of the state, and as a result, slavery became increasingly rare in the region. [420] During this time, East Tennessee was heavily Republican and the western two thirds mostly voted Democratic, with the latter dominating the state. [139] On July 9, 1918, Tennessee suffered the worst rail accident in U.S. history when two passenger trains collided head on in Nashville, killing 101 and injuring 171. [169] The same year, the whitewater slalom events at the Atlanta Summer Olympic Games were held on the Ocoee River in Polk County. [393] The capital was relocated to Nashville in 1812, where it remained until it was relocated back to Knoxville in 1817. [160][161] The construction of Interstate 40 through Memphis became a national talking point on the issue of eminent domain and grassroots lobbying when the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) attempted to construct the highway through the city's Overton Park. [329] Tennessee was also a top producer of phosphate until the early 1990s. [128] An armed uprising in the Cumberland Mountains known as the Coal Creek War in 1891 and 1892 resulted in the state ending convict leasing. [349] Stax Records in Memphis became one of the most important labels for soul artists in the late 1950s and 1960s, and a subgenre known as Memphis soul emerged. [399], Tennessee's highest court is the state Supreme Court. [377][378], Tennessee has 96,167 miles (154,766km) of roads, of which 14,109 miles (22,706km) are maintained by the state. [421] Tennessee's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville, respectively, are among the few historically Republican districts in the South. [178] Tennessee is trisected by the Tennessee River, and its geographical center is in Murfreesboro. [343] Many reservoirs created by TVA dams have also generated water-based tourist attractions. [210] West of this is the Gulf Coastal Plain, a broad feature that begins at the Gulf of Mexico and extends northward into southern Illinois. The husband of the Tennessee police officer fired for having sex with six of her coworkers is standing by his wife, the Daily Mail reported Friday. For the Japanese MC, see, Map of the United States with Tennessee highlighted. [367], Tennessee has 107 private institutions. [223] Tennessee is the most biodiverse inland state,[224] the Great Smoky Mountains National Park is the most biodiverse national park,[225][226] and the Duck River is the most biologically diverse waterway in North America. [363] The Tennessee Board of Regents (TBR), also known as The College System of Tennessee, operates 13 community colleges and 27 campuses of the Tennessee Colleges of Applied Technology (TCAT). Democratic strength is largely concentrated in Nashville, Memphis, and parts of Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. [412], Tennessee's politics are currently dominated by the Republican Party. [368] Vanderbilt University in Nashville is consistently ranked as one of the nation's leading research institutions. [205] The Eastern Highland Rim is characterized by relatively level plains dotted by rolling hills, and the Western Highland Rim and western Nashville Basin are covered with uneven rounded knobs with steep ravines separated by meandering streams. I-26, although technically an eastwest interstate, begins in Kingsport and runs southwardly through Johnson City before exiting into North Carolina. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. Discover the best road trip destinations, new places to eat and more in your free printed guide or e-guide. For passenger rail service, Memphis and Newbern are served by the Amtrak City of New Orleans line on its run between Chicago and New Orleans. [455] Chattanooga Red Wolves SC has been a member of the third-tier USL League One since 2019. Secretary Hargett is the chief executive officer of the Department of State with oversight of more than 300 employees. [463], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}36N 86W / 36N 86W / 36; -86 (State of Tennessee), This article is about the U.S. state. [434], Beginning in the early 21st century, Tennessee transitioned into a solid Republican state, primarily due to rural white voters who have rejected the increasing liberalism of the Democratic Party. [290][295] The Nashville Basin is a top equestrian region, due to soils that produce grass favored by horses. [328] Iron ore was another major mineral mined in Tennessee until the early 20th century. [138], Sgt. Webchoose the site nearest you: chattanooga; clarksville; cookeville; jackson; knoxville; memphis; nashville; tri-cities [339] The NPS also operates Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, Trail of Tears National Historic Trail, Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, and the Manhattan Project National Historical Park. [218] The entirety of the state is in the Mississippi River watershed, except for a small sliver near the southeastern corner traversed by the Conasauga River, which is part of the Mobile Bay watershed. [66] Administration of the territory was divided between the Washington District and the Mero District, the latter of which consisted of the Cumberland Association and was named for Spanish territorial governor Esteban Rodrguez Mir. [155] The next year, nearby Clinton High School was integrated, and Tennessee National Guard troops were sent in after pro-segregationists threatened violence. WebThe state of Tennessee is a place in the southeastern United States. In a northsouth orientation, from west to east, are interstates 55, which serves Memphis; 65, which passes through Nashville; 75, which serves Chattanooga and Knoxville; and 81, which begins east of Knoxville, and serves Bristol to the northeast. Covering an area of 109,247 sq. [394] The legislature can override a veto by a simple majority, and the state has no "pocket veto". [187] Its lowest point, 178 feet (54m), is on the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line in Memphis. [31] Cherokee peoples in Tennessee were known by European settlers as the Overhill Cherokee because they lived west of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The geography of Tennessee is unique. [336] Attractions related to Tennessee's musical heritage are spread throughout the state. With the help of Northern investors, Chattanooga became one of the first industrialized cities in the South. Along with projectile points common for this period, archaeologists in Williamson County have uncovered a 12,000-year-old mastodon skeleton with cut marks typical of prehistoric hunters.. [461] Tennessee's only graded stakes horserace, the Iroquois Steeplechase, is held in Nashville each May. [25] Later generations of Woodland peoples constructed the first mounds. [268] Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. The driest months, on average, are August to October. [421] This division was related to the state's pattern of Unionist and Confederate loyalism during the Civil War. The most pleasant months of the year for Tennessee are May, September and October. [290] Cash receipts for crops and livestock have an estimated annual value of $3.5 billion, and the agriculture sector has an estimated annual impact of $81 billion on the state's economy. [417] Tennessee does not require voters to declare a party affiliation when registering. The University of Tennessee system operates four primary campuses in Knoxville, Chattanooga, Martin, and Pulaski; a Health Sciences Center in Memphis; and an aerospace research facility in Tullahoma. Find information motor vehicle registration in Tennessee. Department of Revenue David Gerregano, Commissioner 500 Deaderick Street Nashville, TN 37242 Department Contact Information [291][290] Soybeans and corn are the state's first and second-most common crops, respectively,[16] and are most heavily grown in West and Middle Tennessee, especially the northwestern corner of the state. Food is taxed at 4%, but candy, dietary supplements, and prepared foods are taxed at 7%. WebIn Tennessee, there are 4 comfortable months with high temperatures in the range of 70-85. WebTennessee Firearms Classifieds Choose City/Region Chattanooga Clarksville Cookeville Jackson Knoxville Memphis Murfreesboro Nashville Tri-cities Tullahoma Choose a category: All Categories Firearms Antique Firearms Handguns Muzzle Loaders NFA Firearms Rifles Shotguns Firearm Accessories Ammo Gun Parts Gun After the war, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory became a key center of scientific research. Wells, Nikki Giovanni, Shelby Foote, Ann Patchett, Ishmael Reed, and Randall Jarrell. Who has the largest auto factory in the U.S.? [341][342] Tennessee maintains 56 state parks, covering 132,000 acres (530km2). After the disenfranchisement of blacks, the Republican Party became a primarily white sectional party supported mostly in East Tennessee. [460] The Nashville Superspeedway in Lebanon, which previously held Nationwide and IndyCar races until it was shut down in 2011, reopened to host the NASCAR Cup Series in 2021. [23] The names of the cultural groups who inhabited the area before European contact are unknown, but archaeologists have named several distinct cultural phases, including the Archaic (80001000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC1000 AD), and Mississippian (10001600 AD) periods. WebTre Hargett was elected by the Tennessee General Assembly to serve as Tennessees 37th secretary of state in 2009 and re-elected in 2013, 2017, and 2021. [216] The Cumberland River basin covers the northern half of Middle Tennessee and a small portion of East Tennessee. [37][38] That same year, a French expedition led by missionary Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet explored the Mississippi River and became the first Europeans to map the Mississippi Valley. [325][326][327] Mining activities in the basin resulted in a major environmental disaster, which left the surrounding landscape barren for more than a century. [154], After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Oak Ridge High School in 1955 became the first school in Tennessee to be integrated. Tennessee projected to experience major quake in coming years", "Tennessee is more earthquake-prone than you may expect", "Summary of 1811-1812 New Madrid Earthquakes Sequence", "Federal Lands and Indian Reservations - Tennessee", "Geology and History of the Cumberland Plateau", "Cumberland Trail State Scenic Trail - 2020", "Overview of the State - Tennessee - 2021", Health Resources and Services Administration, "Cumberland River Basin & Barren River Watershed", "Conasauga River nearly became important in Tennessee history", "Revisiting the Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America", 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[341:RTDFOE]2.0.CO;2, "Climate Change and Potential Impacts to Wildlife in Tennessee", "GSMNP reaches biodiversity milestone of 20,000 species", "Tennessee's Duck River in National Geographic", "7 Dangerous Animals in Tennessee: Deadliest Wildlife Guide", "Last Stand for the Southern Spruce-Fir? The capital was previously in three other cities. [183] An 1818 survey erroneously placed Tennessee's southern border 1 mile (1.6km) south of the 35th parallel; Georgia legislators continue to dispute this placement, as it prevents Georgia from accessing the Tennessee River. It earned the nickname "The Volunteer State" early in its history due to a strong tradition of military service. [88] Cotton planters used extensive slave labor on large plantation complexes in West Tennessee's fertile and flat terrain after the Jackson Purchase. ", "Yet again, Tennessee combined state, local sales tax rates nation's highest", "McMinnville, Tennessee: Nursery Capital of the World", Economic Impacts of Forestry and Forest Product Industries in Tennessee, "Who makes the most cars in North America? [454] Tennessee has three minor league soccer teams. Senator from Tennessee, failed to carry his home state, an unusual occurrence but indicative of strengthening Republican support. [201] The plateau's eastern edge is relatively distinct, but the western escarpment is irregular, containing several long, crooked stream valleys separated by rocky cliffs with numerous waterfalls. The current delegation consists of eight Republicans and one Democrat. [127] Northerners also began exploiting the coalfields and mineral resources in the Appalachian Mountains. Constitution. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, and anchors its largest metropolitan area. In Tennessee, there are 4 comfortable months with high temperatures in the range of 70-85. Webget your free printed guide or e-guide the Volunteer state '' early in history... Are May, September and October equestrian region, due to soils that produce grass favored by.! Was another major mineral mined in Tennessee until the early 20th century Tennessee... [ 346 ] Parts of West Tennessee, there are 4 comfortable months with high temperatures in range! 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