[nb 12] World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered as separate theatres. After General Omar Bradley warned, however, that capturing a city located in a region that the Soviets had already received at the Yalta Conference might cost 100,000 casualties,[43] by 15 April Eisenhower ordered all armies to halt when they reached the Elbe and Mulde Rivers, thus immobilizing these spearheads while the war continued for three more weeks. Equipment losses were 753 tanks and 1,284 aircraft. [260] In August 1941, 243,106 Poles living in the Special Settlements were amnestied and released by the Soviets. The deception plans, Operation Fortitude and Operation Bodyguard, had the Germans convinced that the invasion would occur in the Pas-de-Calais, while the real target was Normandy. Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. Battle deaths (including POWs who died in captivity, does not include those who died of disease and accidents). Ingo Haar, "Straty zwiazane z wypedzeniami: stan bada, problemy, perspektywy", Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Does Germany owe Greece wartime reparations money? The Ustasa also killed most of Croatia's Jews, 20,000 Gypsies, and many thousands of their political enemies. Compiling or estimating the numbers of deaths and wounded caused during wars and other violent conflicts is a controversial subject. : -Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. by Michael Berenbaum New York University Press 1990; Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands, Basic Books 2010, pp. With an introd. Bericht des Bundesarchivs vom 28. Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead. 1- The summary report of September 30, 1945 put total casualties for the entire period of the war at 305,000 killed and 780,000 wounded. Long after the war, a myth persisted claiming the German military (or Wehrmacht) was not involved in the Holocaust and other crimes associated with Nazi genocidal policy. [89], Military(Norwegian & Allied Forces) 2,000 (800 Army, 900 Navy and 100 Air). The figures for these losses are currently disputed, estimates of the total deaths range from 500,000 to 2,000,000. [42] The British and Americans contemplated an airborne operation before the attack. 350,000 American women served in the Armed Forces during World WarII and 16 were killed in action. The New York Times. Manchuria: 45,900, 800, (46,700) Andreev EM; Darsky LE; Kharkova TL, Population dynamics: consequences of regular and irregular changes. The Auckland War Museum puts the number of World War II dead at 11,671. [448], Key: Location, Army dead, Navy dead, (Total dead) Wojciech Materski and Tomasz Szarota. Routledge. Bonn 1989 P.53 (38,000 during wartime flight; 5,000 in USSR as forced labor and 160,000 in internment camps), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, pp. Really, it is! F. Allied bombing of German supply lines caused civilian casualties. 2004/1, p. 4 (2,000,000), Gesamterhebung zur Klrung des Schicksals der deutschen Bevlkerung in den Vertreibungsgebieten, Mnchen: Zentralstelle des Kirchl. According to Russian estimates the population in 1939 included 20.268million in the territories annexed by the USSR from 1939 to 1940: Russian sources estimate post war population transfers resulted in a net loss of (622,000). If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. UK casualties include losses of the colonial forces. [600] The names and data for 12,790 victims at Stara Gradika have been established. Persons unaccounted for might have been burned beyond recognition in the falling buildings, disposed of in one of the mass cremations of the first week of recovery, or driven out of the city to die or recover without any record remaining. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. Analysen, Grundzge, Forschungsbilanz, Michalka, Wolfgang (Hrsg. universitet (Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University). Thomas M. Leonard, John F. Bratzel, George Lauderbaugh. Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 194145 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. Mentally and Physically Handicapped: Victims of the Nazi Era", Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 19391945, "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. "Christian Streit: Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die Sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen, 19411945, Bonn: Dietz (3. POW deaths 4,000. [42] This later caused some friction with the Yugoslav forces, notably around Trieste. The preliminary data for Australian losses included 23,365 killed, 6,030 missing, 39,803 wounded, and 26,363 POWs. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. The footnotes give a detailed breakdown of the casualties and their sources, including data on the number of wounded where reliable sources are available. [262] Polska 19391945. The greatest number of casualties and wounds were inflicted by artillery, followed by small arms, and then by poison gas. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Jehovah's Witnesses", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Freemasonry Under the Nazi Regime", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. There were only some local, minor skirmishes. WW1 started on July 28th 1914 and ended on November 11th 1918 and it lasted 1567 days. French casualties amounted to 120,000 killed or missing, 250,000 wounded, and 1,450,000 taken prisoner. Operations ceased at 2301 hours Central European time (CET) on 8 May. Army Sources for total Chinese war dead are divergent and range from 10 to 20million as detailed below. ^AH Malta 1,493 civilians were killed and 3,734 wounded during the Siege of Malta (World War II)[86] Maltese civilians killed during the siege are also included with U.K. civilian deaths by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. World War 2's Eastern Front From Stalingrad To Berlin In 48 Photos How The Eastern Front Decided World War II Published August 11, 2019 Updated August 20, 2019 The Nazis suffered 80 percent of their casualties on World War II's Eastern Front, the deadliest theater in the history of war. In the resulting battle, the city was taken, at a cost of 5,000 casualties on both sides, with an additional 5,600 German prisoners. Who killed the most people in ww2? Casualties in 193940 include the following dead and missing: The number of wounded includes 2,576,000 permanently disabled. The tables below give a detailed country-by-country count of human losses. Andreev, E.M.; Darski, L.E. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. [179] Estimates of Holocaust deaths range between 4.9 and 5.9million Jews.[180]. Military deaths from all causes totaled 21-25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war. Britain's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, urged Eisenhower to continue the advance toward Berlin by the 21st Army Group, under the command of Montgomery with the intention of capturing the city. [447] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 50-56 million, with an additional estimated 19-28 million deaths from war-related disease and famine. The Western Front of the European Theatre of World War II encompassed Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Western Germany. Demographer Boris Urlanis estimated Romanian war dead at 300,000 military and 200,000 civilians. Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). While the Western Front remained quiet in April 1940, the fighting between the Allies and the Germans began in earnest with the Norwegian Campaign when the Germans launched Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. [265] However some western scholars estimate the total at between 1.7 and 2.3million.[266]. 1993; China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations. 83,307 dead; 57,258 missing and 118,127 wounded. The OKW retained a substantial reserve of such mobile divisions also, but these were dispersed over a large area: the 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler was still Netherlands, the 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend and the Panzer-Lehr Division were located in the ParisOrleans area, since the Normandy coastal defence sectors or (Kstenverteitigungsabschnitte KVA) were considered the most likely areas for an invasion. [6] Historian Rdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1956) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,650,000 = (3,760,000) military; (430,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,260,000) deaths to expulsion from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. With an introd. French aircraft losses were 560. Mexico lost 7 merchant ships and 63 dead merchant mariners. [258], The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives: There were more than 60 million World War 2 casualties resulting in death which at the time was more than 2.5% of the overall world population. [180] The low, high and average percentage figures for deaths of the pre-war population have been added. The Allied operations were then succeeded by the German Ardennes offensive. Soviet Studies Vol44. Albanian official statistics claim somewhat higher losses. & Jap. If all went well XXX Corps would advance into Germany without any remaining major obstacles. MacArthur in Japan: The Occupation: Military Phase, Volume I Supplement U.S. Government printing Office 1966, p. 130, endnote 36", "Overall Report of Damage Sustained by the Nation During the Pacific War Economic Stabilization Agency, Planning Department, Office of the Secretary General, 1949", "Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Subsequent Weapons Testing". More than half of the total number of casualties are accounted for by the dead of the Republic of China and of the Soviet Union. (1.5million in prewar 1937 Germany, (1958) A West German government demographic study estimated 2,225,000 civilians died during the flight during the war, post war expulsions and the, (1965), The search service of the German churches and Red Cross was able to confirm 473,013 civilian deaths in eastern Europe due to the expulsions, broken out as follows: 367,392 Poland (in post war borders); 18,889, (1966) The West German Federal Ministry for Expellees, Refugees and War Victims issued a statement that put the number of expulsion dead at 2,111,000 (1,225,000 Germany in 1937 borders, (1985) A demographic analysis which has the support of the German government, estimated 2,020,000 civilians died during the post war expulsions and the, The German government currently maintains that 2.0million civilians perished in the flight and expulsion from Eastern Europe. e The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers against the Soviet Union (USSR), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe ( Baltics ), and Southeast Europe ( Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets. 5354. Newfoundland lost 1,089 persons with U.K. and Canadian Forces during the war. [39], The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis. Over 11.4 million Soviet civilians within pre-1939 borders were killed, and another estimated 3.5 million civilians were killed in the annexed territories. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Mosaic of Victims: Overview", "Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, A Teachers Guide to the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Genocide of European Roma, 19391945", "Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview", Jewish Responses to the Porajmos The Romani Holocaust, "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. [255], In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. The breakout by service is as follows: Army 234,874. , , ed. Mark Axworthy. Germany (West). About 298,000 Americans died. 360,000 dead or wounded, and 1,900,000 captured. Eng. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. [38] British and Canadian paratroopers reached the Baltic city of Wismar just ahead of Soviet forces on 2 May. As the Allies advanced across France, their supply lines stretched to breaking point. India, which was a British colony during World War II, included the present-day, The war dead of 87,029 listed here are those reported by the, The preliminary 1945 data for Indian losses was, killed 24,338, missing 11,754, wounded 64,354 and, Although neutral, an estimated 70,000 of the Irish Free State's citizens volunteered in the British military service. They place the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. 1939 German Soldiers With Time To Spare Thresh Wheat In France Ww2 Photo 7X9 . Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. In German Armed Forces 700[94], Polish losses during the Soviet occupation (19391941). These figures include the casualties in Tokyo () 97,031 dead, 6,034 missing and 113,923 injured; in Hiroshima () 86,141 dead, 14,394 missing and 46,672 injured, in Nagasaki () 26,238 dead, 1,947 missing and 41,113 injured. Each army group was allocated its mobile reserves. Regarding overall losses, they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 194445, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). On 1 September 1939, World War II began with the German invasion of Poland. Studies in Global Social History, 2010), p. 227. [247] The Russian scholar Viktor Zemskov puts the death toll from 1941 to 1945 at about 1million based on data from the Soviet archives. Initial successes in bad weather, which gave them cover from the Allied air forces, resulted in a German penetration of over 80km (50mi) to within less than 16km (10mi) of the Meuse. However, it lay at the end of the long Scheldt Estuary, and so it could not be used until its approaches were clear of heavily fortified German positions. However, in the meantime, the Allies took the war to Germany, with a strategic bombing campaign the US Eighth Air Force bombing Germany by day and RAF Bomber Command bombing by night. Of 7,080 BEF casualties, 5,533 losses were incurred by the 5th Australian Division; German losses were 1,600-2,000, with 150 taken prisoner. 2: 1978 (3,000,000), Encyclopdia Britannica 1992 (2,384,000), The Expulsion of "German" Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War, Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florence. Heike Liebau et al., World in World Wars: Experiences, Perceptions, and Perspectives from Africa and Asia. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. (German government Statistical Office). It is said that the Russians could have won the Second World War without any support from the US or Commonwealth forces, above all because of their large quantity of produced T-34 tanks. Presse- und Informationsamt. A total of 2,230,500[263] persons were living in the settlements in October 1945 and 309,100 deaths were reported in special settlements for the years 19411948. people on Earth in 1940. The US 6th Army Group fanned out to the southwest, passing to the east of Switzerland through Bavaria and into Austria and northern Italy.[when?] ed. Germany (West). 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Total German soldiers who surrendered in the West, including 3,404,950 who surrendered after the end of the war, is given as 7,614,790. Niewyk, Donald L. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p. 78, Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, bundesarchiv.de; accessed 5 March 2016.(German). By mid-September, the 6th Army Group, advancing from the south, came into contact with Bradley's formations advancing from the west and overall control of Devers' force passed from AFHQ in the Mediterranean so that all three army groups came under Eisenhower's central command at SHAEF (Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Forces). [264], Russian sources list Axis prisoner of war deaths of 580,589 in Soviet captivity based on data in the Soviet archives (Germany 381,067; Hungary 54,755; Romania 54,612; Italy 27,683; Finland 403, and Japan 62,069). XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem. The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. 1939 WWII Era France Soldiers in Observation Post . Manchuria & USSR 7,483 killed and 4,641 wounded. In early 1918 Imperial Germany knew it finally had a chance to win against the Allies. Small and Singer put the military losses at 5,000. ), The preliminary data for Canadian losses included killed 37,476, missing 1,843, wounded 53,174 and. Elements of the US 3rd Infantry Division were the first Allied troops to arrive at Berchtesgaden, which they secured, while the French 2nd Armoured Division seized the Berghof (Hitler's Alpine residence) on 4 May 1945. Formosa (Taiwan): 28,500, 10,600, (39,100) 39,929 Casualties For four brutal years, the Allies had been fighting the central powers, the Empires of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. ), The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported from 1951 to 1960 that 254,000 military personnel and civilians were confirmed dead and 95,000 went missing in Soviet hands after the war. A discussion of the famine in Java during 194445, leads Pierre van der Eng to conclude that 2.4million Indonesians perished. Borneo: 11,300, 6,700, (18,000) There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. The Japanese government figures for POW deaths are not in agreement with Soviet figures. Commissariato generale C.G.V. pp. With an introd. There were an additional 31,271 military deaths due to "natural causes" which are not included in these figures. According to Norwegian government sources the war dead were 10,200. The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. The statistics tabulated by the CWGC are representative of the number of names commemorated for all servicemen/women of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth and former UKDependencies, whose death was attributable to their war service. French Indochina 2,803 killed and 6,000 wounded. The Hahn's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the losses. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages. [34] By the time they prepared to cross the Rhine in late March, the Western Allies had taken 1,300,000 German soldiers prisoner in western Europe. [452] In some cases this figure was potentially even higher, up to 80% in the Philippines[453] and a staggering 97% in New Guinea.[454]. [384] Von Rundstedt's divisions, which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' 280,000 men were taken prisoner. Dutch Military losses in Asia were 2,500 killed in the 1942. Solomon Islands: 63,200, 25,000, (88,200) Most of these losses occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union; they point out that there are 80,522 confirmed deaths in the postwar internment camps. [475], 4-The Effects of strategic bombing on Japanese morale Based on a survey of Japanese households the death toll was put at 900,000 dead and 1.3million injured, the SBS noted that this figure was subject to a maximum sampling error of 30%. These figures are for Germany in 1937 borders, (1961) The West German government issued a statement listing a total of 7,032,800 war dead: (military dead 3,760,000 in prewar 1937 borders, (1984) A German demographic study estimated 6,900,000 deaths caused by the war in prewar 1937 borders, (1991) A German demographic study estimated 5,450,000 to 5,600,000 war dead (4,300,000 military dead; 430,000 civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign and 882,000 deaths due to expulsions from Poland). 2223, . Fighting began with Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway, in April, 1940. (this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Die Toten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland. Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare 65,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the 1945 military campaign against the Soviet Union. 1-Summary Report (July 1946) Total civilian casualties in Japan, as a result of 9 months of air attack, including those from the atomic bombs, were approximately 806,000. Modern updates of UK casualties including the wounded are contained in. POW deaths 3,000. The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division. During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany). China (inc. Hong Kong): 435,600, 20,100, (455,700) Hope yall enjoy!Buy us . universitet, 2000; (Russian Academy of Sciences). Seventh Army and French First Army) fought a difficult campaign through the Vosges Mountains that was marked by dogged German resistance and slow advances. British losses totalled to 11,010 killed or missing, 14,070 wounded (only those who were evacuated have been counted), and 41,340 taken prisoner. Navy and 100 Air ) western front ww2 casualties dead, Navy dead, ( 455,700 ) yall. Soviet civilians within pre-1939 borders were killed in the 1945 military campaign against the Soviet occupation ( )! Casualties, 5,533 losses were 1,600-2,000, with 150 taken prisoner been added Perceptions, and estimated! And many thousands of their political enemies during 194445, leads Pierre van Eng! 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[ 180.. ) on 8 May Urlanis estimated Romanian war dead were 10,200 5.9million Jews. [ 266 ] Java during,. Missing: the number of casualties and wounds were inflicted by artillery, followed by small,!
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